Who we are
PhD student
Aalborg University
Palle Rye
Palle Rye graduated as M Sc E E from Aalborg University in 1998. For 10 years, he worked as an Acoustics Engineer in the telecom industry, being involved in audio development of more than 20 different mobile phones totaling more than 20 million units sold. Responsibilities included innovating, analyzing and optimizing complex acoustic systems, from concept and implementation, to type approval and production. He has also in-depth experience implementing and adjusting digital signal processing for suppressing background noise and echo or otherwise enhancing speech and music. Until 2018 he taught Physics, Technology and Electronics at Tech College, continually developing hands-on projects and bringing engineering tools and practices into the classroom.
Work Area
Palle Rye is primarily working on patient-driven diagnostics and fitting.
Resources
Publications
2023 |
Narayanan, Sreeram Kaithali; Rye, Palle; Houmøller, Sabina Storbjerg; Wolff, Anne; Hougaard, Dan Dupont; Gaihede, Michael; Hammershøi, Dorte Difference in SII provided by initial fit and NAL-NL2 and its relation to self-reported hearing aid outcomes Journal Article International Journal of Audiology, pp. 1-8, 2023. @article{SKN_SII, title = {Difference in SII provided by initial fit and NAL-NL2 and its relation to self-reported hearing aid outcomes}, author = {Sreeram Kaithali Narayanan and Palle Rye and Sabina Storbjerg Houmøller and Anne Wolff and Dan Dupont Hougaard and Michael Gaihede and Dorte Hammershøi}, doi = {10.1080/14992027.2023.2291633}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-12-19}, journal = {International Journal of Audiology}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Objective The speech intelligibility index (SII) is used to quantify the audibility of the speech. This study examined the relationship between self-reported hearing aid (HA) outcomes and the difference in aided SII (SIIA) calculated from the initial fit (IF) gain and that prescribed as per the second generation of National Acoustic Laboratory Non-Linear (NAL-NL2). Design A prospective observational study. Study sample The study included 718 first-time and 253 experienced HA users. All users had a valid real-ear measurement (REM) at three input levels (55, 65 and 80 dB SPL). Results The gain provided by IF was lower than NAL-NL2 at 55 and 65 dB SPL. IF gain exhibited reduced compression than NAL-NL2 as input levels increased from 55 to 80 dB SPL. On average, the SIIA provided by IF was significantly lower than that for NAL-NL2 at all input levels. The difference in SIIA between IF and NAL-NL2 at 80 dB SPL input level with 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) turned out to be a predictor for self-reported outcome for first-time HA users. Conclusion The study suggests that an SIIA close to that provided by NAL-NL2 at high input levels would be preferred to obtain a better self-reported outcome. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective The speech intelligibility index (SII) is used to quantify the audibility of the speech. This study examined the relationship between self-reported hearing aid (HA) outcomes and the difference in aided SII (SIIA) calculated from the initial fit (IF) gain and that prescribed as per the second generation of National Acoustic Laboratory Non-Linear (NAL-NL2). Design A prospective observational study. Study sample The study included 718 first-time and 253 experienced HA users. All users had a valid real-ear measurement (REM) at three input levels (55, 65 and 80 dB SPL). Results The gain provided by IF was lower than NAL-NL2 at 55 and 65 dB SPL. IF gain exhibited reduced compression than NAL-NL2 as input levels increased from 55 to 80 dB SPL. On average, the SIIA provided by IF was significantly lower than that for NAL-NL2 at all input levels. The difference in SIIA between IF and NAL-NL2 at 80 dB SPL input level with 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) turned out to be a predictor for self-reported outcome for first-time HA users. Conclusion The study suggests that an SIIA close to that provided by NAL-NL2 at high input levels would be preferred to obtain a better self-reported outcome. |
2022 |
Rye, Palle; Andersen, Rasmus Overgaard; Ravn, Gert; Hammershøi, Dorte Oral presentation at the Joint Euroregio Baltic Nordic Acoustics Meeting, Aalborg, Denmark, 2022. @inproceedings{Palle1_ERBNAM2022, title = {Comparison of Speech Reception Thresholds for Diotic, Dichotic and Antiphasic Headphone Presentations of Digits-in-Noise Triplets using Dantale I Material}, author = {Palle Rye and Rasmus Overgaard Andersen and Gert Ravn and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {https://www.conforg.fr/bin/time_table?dir=erbnam2022}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-11}, booktitle = {Oral presentation at the Joint Euroregio Baltic Nordic Acoustics Meeting, Aalborg, Denmark}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Narayanan, Sreeram Kaithali; Rye, Palle; Piechowiak, Tobias; Ravn, Gert; Wolff, Anne; Houmøller, Sabina Storbjerg; Schmidt, Jesper Hvass; Hammershøi, Dorte Can real-ear insertion gain deviations from generic fitting prescriptions predict self-reported outcomes? Journal Article The International Journal of Audiology, 62 (5), pp. 433-441, 2022. @article{TIJA_SKN_J1, title = {Can real-ear insertion gain deviations from generic fitting prescriptions predict self-reported outcomes?}, author = {Sreeram Kaithali Narayanan and Palle Rye and Tobias Piechowiak and Gert Ravn and Anne Wolff and Sabina Storbjerg Houmøller and Jesper Hvass Schmidt and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2022.2053594}, doi = {10.1080/14992027.2022.2053594}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-04-07}, journal = {The International Journal of Audiology}, volume = {62}, number = {5}, pages = {433-441}, abstract = {Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether the differences in insertion gains from the first fit to generic prescriptions of hearing aids can predict the self-reported hearing aid (HA) outcomes for first-time and experienced HA users. Design This was a prospective observational study. Study Sample The study included 885 first-time and 330 experienced HA users with a valid real-ear measurement on both ears and answers to the abbreviated version of the Speech, Spatial, and Quality of Hearing (SSQ12) and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) questionnaires. Results K-means clustering of gain differences between individual real-ear insertion gain to three generic gain prescriptions (NAL-NL2, NAL-RP, and one-third gain rules) was performed. The gain difference at higher frequencies generally differentiated the clusters. The experienced users in the cluster with fittings closest to NAL-NL2 and NAL-RP prescription were found to exhibit a higher IOI-HA Factor 1 score (representing the overall benefit of the hearing aid use). The gain differences to generic prescription did not affect other self-reported outcomes for first-time and experienced HA users. Conclusion The experienced HA users with minimal gain deviations from generic prescriptions reported better self-perceived benefits than users with larger deviations. However, this was not apparent in first-time users.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether the differences in insertion gains from the first fit to generic prescriptions of hearing aids can predict the self-reported hearing aid (HA) outcomes for first-time and experienced HA users. Design This was a prospective observational study. Study Sample The study included 885 first-time and 330 experienced HA users with a valid real-ear measurement on both ears and answers to the abbreviated version of the Speech, Spatial, and Quality of Hearing (SSQ12) and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) questionnaires. Results K-means clustering of gain differences between individual real-ear insertion gain to three generic gain prescriptions (NAL-NL2, NAL-RP, and one-third gain rules) was performed. The gain difference at higher frequencies generally differentiated the clusters. The experienced users in the cluster with fittings closest to NAL-NL2 and NAL-RP prescription were found to exhibit a higher IOI-HA Factor 1 score (representing the overall benefit of the hearing aid use). The gain differences to generic prescription did not affect other self-reported outcomes for first-time and experienced HA users. Conclusion The experienced HA users with minimal gain deviations from generic prescriptions reported better self-perceived benefits than users with larger deviations. However, this was not apparent in first-time users. |
2021 |
Rye, Palle; Narayanan, Sreeram Kaithali; Hammershøi, Dorte Effects of Intermittent Noise on Real Ear Measurements in Hearing Aid Fitting Inproceedings Poster presentation at Baltic Nordic Acoustics Meeting, 3-5 May 2021, Oslo, Norway (online), pp. 1–6, NAA (Nordic Acoustical Association), 2021. @inproceedings{PR_BNAM2021, title = {Effects of Intermittent Noise on Real Ear Measurements in Hearing Aid Fitting}, author = {Palle Rye and Sreeram Kaithali Narayanan and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {http://www.norskakustiskselskap.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/BNAM_2021_Effects_of_Intermittent_Noise_on_Real_Ear_Measurements_in_Hearing_Aid_Fitting-31-28-Rye-Palle.pdf}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-03}, booktitle = {Poster presentation at Baltic Nordic Acoustics Meeting, 3-5 May 2021, Oslo, Norway (online)}, pages = {1--6}, publisher = {NAA (Nordic Acoustical Association)}, abstract = {When fitting a hearing aid, real ear measurements (REM) can prove a valuable tool for adjusting the gain of the hearing aid. In REM a probe microphone is inserted into the ear canal carefully placing the probe microphone tip a few millimeters from the tympanic membrane. Typically a reference microphone is present outside the ear canal near the pinna. Proper calibration before the REM measurement ensures a flat response of the probe microphone when placing the tip at the same positions as the reference microphone. The real ear unaided gain (REUG) is measured as the level difference between the reference microphone and the probe microphone placed near the tympanic membrane. Inserting the hearing aid the real ear aided gain (REAG) can be measured similarly and the real ear insertion gain (REIG) is calculated as the difference between the REAG and the REUG. Fitting a hearing aid typically involves matching the hearing aid gain to match a REIG prescription target derived by the patients audiogram and occasionally other diagnostic data. To ensure matching the REIG to the prescription target care must be taken to ensure accuracy in the REM measurements. Inspecting a database of thousands of clinically recorded REM a handful of anomalies were detected and the present study seek to reproduce the observed effects under controlled laboratory conditions. The study involves measuring REM using manikins as well as human subjects. A semi-automated test setup was developed to synchronise the measurement equipment and the noise disturbance in order to investigate the effects of different types of intermittent noise on REM. Preliminary results indicate that intermittent noise burst even shorter than 1s in duration can cause detrimental effects on the real ear measurement.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } When fitting a hearing aid, real ear measurements (REM) can prove a valuable tool for adjusting the gain of the hearing aid. In REM a probe microphone is inserted into the ear canal carefully placing the probe microphone tip a few millimeters from the tympanic membrane. Typically a reference microphone is present outside the ear canal near the pinna. Proper calibration before the REM measurement ensures a flat response of the probe microphone when placing the tip at the same positions as the reference microphone. The real ear unaided gain (REUG) is measured as the level difference between the reference microphone and the probe microphone placed near the tympanic membrane. Inserting the hearing aid the real ear aided gain (REAG) can be measured similarly and the real ear insertion gain (REIG) is calculated as the difference between the REAG and the REUG. Fitting a hearing aid typically involves matching the hearing aid gain to match a REIG prescription target derived by the patients audiogram and occasionally other diagnostic data. To ensure matching the REIG to the prescription target care must be taken to ensure accuracy in the REM measurements. Inspecting a database of thousands of clinically recorded REM a handful of anomalies were detected and the present study seek to reproduce the observed effects under controlled laboratory conditions. The study involves measuring REM using manikins as well as human subjects. A semi-automated test setup was developed to synchronise the measurement equipment and the noise disturbance in order to investigate the effects of different types of intermittent noise on REM. Preliminary results indicate that intermittent noise burst even shorter than 1s in duration can cause detrimental effects on the real ear measurement. |
Other
2022 |
Narayanan, Sreeram Kaithali; Rye, Palle; Houmøller, Sabina S; Wolff, Anne; Hougaard, Dan Dupont; Gaihede, Michael; Schmidt, Jesper Hvass; Hammershøi, Dorte Relation between audibility and self-reported outcome in a large cohort of adult hearing aid users Conference The Bi-Annual Meeting of the Nordic Audiological Society, Nordic Audiological Society 2022. @conference{SKNNAS2023, title = {Relation between audibility and self-reported outcome in a large cohort of adult hearing aid users}, author = {Sreeram Kaithali Narayanan and Palle Rye and Sabina S Houmøller and Anne Wolff and Dan Dupont Hougaard and Michael Gaihede and Jesper Hvass Schmidt and Dorte Hammershøi}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-06-01}, booktitle = {The Bi-Annual Meeting of the Nordic Audiological Society}, organization = {Nordic Audiological Society}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } |
Rye, Palle; Andersen, Rasmus Overgaard; Hammershøi, Dorte Efficacy of Gamification in Out-of-Clinic Hearing Diagnostics Inproceedings Poster presentation at the Joint Euroregio Baltic Nordic Acoustics Meeting, Aalborg, Denmark, 2022. @inproceedings{palle2_ERBNAM2022, title = {Efficacy of Gamification in Out-of-Clinic Hearing Diagnostics}, author = {Palle Rye and Rasmus Overgaard Andersen and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {https://isaar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Programme-book-ISAAR-2021.pdf}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-05-11}, booktitle = {Poster presentation at the Joint Euroregio Baltic Nordic Acoustics Meeting, Aalborg, Denmark}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
2021 |
Rye, Palle; Hammershøi, Dorte Impact of background noise on methods for categorical loudness scaling Inproceedings Oral presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol 8: The Auditory System Throughout Life – Models, Mechanisms, and Interventions, 2021. @inproceedings{palle1_ISAAR2021, title = {Impact of background noise on methods for categorical loudness scaling}, author = {Palle Rye and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {https://isaar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Programme-book-ISAAR-2021.pdf}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-26}, booktitle = {Oral presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol 8: The Auditory System Throughout Life – Models, Mechanisms, and Interventions}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Rye, Palle; Hammershøi, Dorte Gamification approach to out-of-clinic hearing diagnostics Inproceedings Oral presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol 8: The Auditory System Throughout Life – Models, Mechanisms, and Interventions, 2021. @inproceedings{palle2_Isaar2021, title = {Gamification approach to out-of-clinic hearing diagnostics}, author = {Palle Rye and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {https://isaar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Programme-book-ISAAR-2021.pdf}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-25}, booktitle = {Oral presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol 8: The Auditory System Throughout Life – Models, Mechanisms, and Interventions}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
Ordoñez, Rodrigo; Lund, Katja; Nielsen, Jens Bo; Rye, Palle; Cañete, Oscar M; Stubberup, Amalie T; Petersen, Lotte S E; Schmidt, Jesper H; Hougaard, Dan Dupont; Gaihede, Michael; Loquet, Gérard; Hammershøi, Dorte Probing first-fit experiences in adult new hearing aid users Inproceedings Oral presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol 8: The Auditory System Throughout Life – Models, Mechanisms, and Interventions, 2021, 2021. @inproceedings{katja_ISAAR2021, title = {Probing first-fit experiences in adult new hearing aid users}, author = {Rodrigo Ordoñez and Katja Lund and Jens Bo Nielsen and Palle Rye and Oscar M Cañete and Amalie T. Stubberup and Lotte S. E. Petersen and Jesper H Schmidt and Dan Dupont Hougaard and Michael Gaihede and Gérard Loquet and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {https://isaar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Programme-book-ISAAR-2021.pdf}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-08-23}, booktitle = {Oral presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol 8: The Auditory System Throughout Life – Models, Mechanisms, and Interventions, 2021}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inproceedings} } |
2020 |
Rye, Palle Towards out of clinic hearing tests Conference Webinar, 1 December 2020, Danish Acoustical Society, 2020. @conference{PR_DAS2020, title = {Towards out of clinic hearing tests}, author = {Palle Rye}, url = {https://d-a‐s.dk/events/bedre‐hoererehabilitering‐i‐danmark/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-01}, booktitle = {Webinar, 1 December 2020}, publisher = {Danish Acoustical Society}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } |
2019 |
Rye, Palle; Ordoñez, Rodrigo; Wolff, Anne; Hougaard, Dan Dupont; Schmidt, Jesper Hvass; Hammershøi, Dorte Poster presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol. 7: Auditory Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems, (SP.64), The Danavox Jubilee Foundation 2019. @conference{ISAAR2019PR, title = {A study of reliability and response patterns in self-administered audiometry for adult first-time hearing-aid users}, author = {Palle Rye and Rodrigo Ordoñez and Anne Wolff and Dan Dupont Hougaard and Jesper Hvass Schmidt and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {https://whova.com/embedded/speaker_session_detail/isaar_201908/701149/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-21}, booktitle = {Poster presentation at the International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research: Vol. 7: Auditory Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems}, number = {SP.64}, organization = {The Danavox Jubilee Foundation}, abstract = {Out-of-clinic diagnostics offer the advantage of pre- and post-clinical screenings and potential benefits of increased user ownership, but at the possible cost of accuracy and reliability. The present study examines the determination of a classical audiometric threshold through a custom-made self-administered tablet test, utilizing off-the-shelf Bluetooth headphones. The test includes an initial familiarization session allowing characterization of the user's response time, and integrates a standard usability assessment (System Usability Scale, SUS) accompanied by the experimenter's observations and exit-interview responses. The study compares self-administered thresholds determined in the waiting room of Aalborg University Hospital for 16 potential hearing-aid users with the thresholds determined by the professionals in the subsequent session. The study also includes a comparison of thresholds determined in potential users' own homes, in which case the test is performed both with a standard transportable audiometer and with the out-of-clinic tablet system. The study is on-going.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Out-of-clinic diagnostics offer the advantage of pre- and post-clinical screenings and potential benefits of increased user ownership, but at the possible cost of accuracy and reliability. The present study examines the determination of a classical audiometric threshold through a custom-made self-administered tablet test, utilizing off-the-shelf Bluetooth headphones. The test includes an initial familiarization session allowing characterization of the user's response time, and integrates a standard usability assessment (System Usability Scale, SUS) accompanied by the experimenter's observations and exit-interview responses. The study compares self-administered thresholds determined in the waiting room of Aalborg University Hospital for 16 potential hearing-aid users with the thresholds determined by the professionals in the subsequent session. The study also includes a comparison of thresholds determined in potential users' own homes, in which case the test is performed both with a standard transportable audiometer and with the out-of-clinic tablet system. The study is on-going. |
Rye, Palle; Ordoñez, Rodrigo; Hammershøi, Dorte Out-of-clinic diagnostics of hearing impairment Conference Poster presentation at the Conference for Internet and Audiology, Southampton, 17-19 June 2019., (13), 2019. @conference{IaA2019PR, title = {Out-of-clinic diagnostics of hearing impairment}, author = {Palle Rye and Rodrigo Ordoñez and Dorte Hammershøi}, url = {http://internetaudiology.com/2019/files/IA2019_booklet.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-17}, booktitle = {Poster presentation at the Conference for Internet and Audiology, Southampton, 17-19 June 2019.}, number = {13}, pages = {27}, abstract = {The potential benefits of out-of-clinic diagnostics are manifold: it may be used to alleviate clinically trained personnel where resources are scarce, it may reduce the need for travel and it allows for increased privacy and discretion for the potentially hearing impaired, who may see a self-administered hearing test as the first step toward accepting the need for a hearing aid. However, one of the inherent problems of such test situations is the lack of control over the user behavior and the test environment. With respect to the latter, the exact characteristics of the equipment used may not be known or available for routine checks and calibration. Background noise levels may pose a problem in some environments, and be a problem for subjects with audiometric thresholds near normal hearing level at some frequencies. Several strategies can be applied to overcome these challenges. Some types of hearing impairment can be characterized using supra-threshold methods that are more robust to background noise and calibration issues. The background noise level may be passively or actively suppressed, or monitored and applied to discard or repeat unreliable measurements. The purpose of present study is to examine the feasibility of selected out-of-clinic test strategies, and in a first evaluation the effect of each is quantified in laboratory assessments, where the key variables can be controlled. A platform consisting of a tablet-based automated paradigm using commercially available active noise cancelling headphones will be used. The accuracy of the procedures in real-life scenarios are determined by comparing the outcome with clinically determined audiometric measures. How well the test subjects manage the test will also be assessed, and data from a usability point of view will be collected.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } The potential benefits of out-of-clinic diagnostics are manifold: it may be used to alleviate clinically trained personnel where resources are scarce, it may reduce the need for travel and it allows for increased privacy and discretion for the potentially hearing impaired, who may see a self-administered hearing test as the first step toward accepting the need for a hearing aid. However, one of the inherent problems of such test situations is the lack of control over the user behavior and the test environment. With respect to the latter, the exact characteristics of the equipment used may not be known or available for routine checks and calibration. Background noise levels may pose a problem in some environments, and be a problem for subjects with audiometric thresholds near normal hearing level at some frequencies. Several strategies can be applied to overcome these challenges. Some types of hearing impairment can be characterized using supra-threshold methods that are more robust to background noise and calibration issues. The background noise level may be passively or actively suppressed, or monitored and applied to discard or repeat unreliable measurements. The purpose of present study is to examine the feasibility of selected out-of-clinic test strategies, and in a first evaluation the effect of each is quantified in laboratory assessments, where the key variables can be controlled. A platform consisting of a tablet-based automated paradigm using commercially available active noise cancelling headphones will be used. The accuracy of the procedures in real-life scenarios are determined by comparing the outcome with clinically determined audiometric measures. How well the test subjects manage the test will also be assessed, and data from a usability point of view will be collected. |
University Hospitals
Odense University Hospital
Rikke Schnack-Petersen
rikke.schnack-petersen@rsyd.dk
Aalborg University Hospital
Michael Gaihede
mlg@rn.dk
Copenhagen University Hospital
Jesper Borchorst Yde
jesper.borchorst.yde.01@regionh.dk
Academia
Jesper Hvass Schmidt
jesper.schmidt@rsyd.dk
Aalborg University
Dorte Hammershøi
dh@es.aau.dk
Technical University of Denmark
Torsten Dau
tdau@dtu.dk
Tech Service
Industry
Oticon
Karen Wibling Solgård
kaws@oticon.dk
GN Resound
Nikolai Bisgaard
nbisgaard@gnresound.com
WSAudiology
Filip Marchman Rønne
filip.roenne@wsa.com